Poltava is a small, but marvelous and ecologically clean Ukrainian town. Poltava is a regional center that is situated on the left bank of the river Vorskla which is the tributary of the Dnieper, the longest river of Ukraine dividing this country into 2 parts: the Left bank and the Right bank Ukraine. This town is located in the Left bank Ukraine. The population of Poltava enumerates 314 900 citizens. There's a certain percent of foreigners (Arabs, Africans, Koreans, Chinese) coming here to study medicine and economy. As for the lingual situation, Russian is predominantly spoken than Ukrainian. It's conditioned by the fact that the left bank Ukraine had been a belonging territory of Russia for more than 2 centuries. In those days Ukrainian was forbidden.
Poltava was first mentioned in the annals of Ipatiev (1173) under the name Ltava. This town has a great history that discovers a thorny way it went along to become so wonderful. Numerous wars (the Great liberation war, the Second World War) posed a grave obstacle to the further development of the town turning it sometimes into a field of ruins, however the town restored its beauty on a regular basis. The historic document of the year 1641 claimed that Poltava became an urban center. The spotlight of the history of this town is a glorious battle between the troops of Peter I (the Russian tsar) and those of the Swedish king Charles XII and his Ukrainian ally, hetman Mazepa that took place 290 years ago. Over 4000 Poltavites joined the army of Peter I to fight against the Swedish. The grand event ended in the victory of Russians. That battle defined the historic evolution of Ukraine. Subsequently, Poltava began to thrive. The architectural art was being implemented in magnificent edifices. Thus, Poltava got the honor of being called "little Petersburgh". Yet, during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) everything was brought to null. Restoring the town took a lot of time. In the year 2001 Poltava celebrated the 1100th anniversary of its foundation.
Poltava is a gorgeous cultural center. There are so many sights which remind of the glorious history of the town. One can find magnificent monuments, beautiful churches, interesting museums, theatres, cinemas etc. The symbol of Poltava is the Monument of Glory, situated down town. It was erected on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Poltava battle. The edifice isn't high, it has a cylindrical form and a gilded eagle on top. It is surrounded by a splendid "Corps garden" (Korpusny Sad). Another symbolical site is the White Arbor (Belaya Altanka). This is an original building showing the columns that stand semi-round and support the top, resembling a horseshoe. What a fabulous view of the town can be enjoyed from this very spot! There are a great deal of monuments adorning various parks and squares. Except the monument of Glory it's worth to mention monuments to Ivan Kotlyarevsky (the famous Ukrainian writer), Nikolai Gogol (the outstanding Russian writer), Peter I, Lenin, Ostrogradsky (the prominent mathematician), the Unknown soldiers, Marshal Biryusov and what not.
The religious life of Poltava is sustained due to a number of churches, cathedrals, chapels. Here belong the Assumption Cathedral, the Cross-exulting Monastery, St. Savior's Church, The Temple of Faith, Hope and Love and others.
Both Poltava's natives and visitors are provided with excellent opportunities to cultural and spiritual enrichment owing to a range of museums, theatres, cinemas. The museums of Poltava are welcoming those who are eager to unfold the pages of the town's glorious past. The most remarkable of them are the Museum of Local lore (designed in baroque style), the Art Museum, the Poltava Battle Museum, the Art Gallery, the Kotlyarevsky museum-homestead, the Korolenko memorial museum, the Panas Myrny literary museum etc.People can spend their spare time in a reasonable way by attending such theatres and cinemas as the Gogol theatre, the Kotlyarevsky cinema, the cinema "Kolos", the Philharmonic House. Quite recently (2 years ago) there appeared the Palace of Leisure and Culture "Lystopad" where the renowned Ukrainian, Russian and even foreign singers give their concerts. There are also plenty of entertainment places - cafes, disco bars, restaurants, night clubs, sport complexes etc. Speaking about amusement sites we can't help mentioning the underground town "Zlato misto". It is a posh entertainment and trading complex that includes a few shops, a luncheonette, a disco bar "Eneida". Zlato misto can be recognized from the outside by the two large glass domes. One of them is prolonged and serves as a cover of the underground passage on the either side of which we can find small shops, under the other one - round and medium tall - there situated the disco bar " Eneida". When it comes to restaurants, one can enjoy tasty dishes at those of Ukrainian cuisine ("Khutorok"), Georgian ("Mimino"), Italian ("Palazzo"), Chinese ("Mars"). The most luxurious restaurants are " Ivanova Hora"( Ivan's hill), situated in the vicinity of the White Arbor and the Kotlyarevsky's homestead-museum, and "Kashtanova Aleya" ("The Chestnut Alley") that is next to "Lystopad".
Poltava is also a students' town. Here one can find several higher learning establishments, for example, the State Teacher-training University, the Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, The University of consumers’ goods cooperation, the State Agricultural Academy, the Institute of Economy and Law, the Yaroslav Mudry National Academy, the National Technical University. There are also a multitude of institutions of secondary special training: vocational and technical schools, colleges, lyceums.
Poltava is a town of abundant greenery. We can afford a wonderful opportunity to marvel at the beauty of parks, squares, gardens. If you are willing to have a stroll, you are offered a wide choice of parks: Victory park, Corps garden, Sunny park, Students' park etc.
Poltava is considered to be the spiritual capital of Ukraine. It gave the world so many famous names: Ivan Kotlyarevsky, Vladimir Korolenko, Panas Myrny, Nikolai Gogol (writers), Katerina Bilokur (an artist), Mykola Lysenko (a musician). These people replenished a galaxy of the world culture luminaries.
Tourists are always welcome to Poltava to discover its genuine splendor and feast their eyes upon it. They can stay at the comfortable hotels such as "Gallery", "Palazzo"(4 star hotels), "Ukraine", "Kiev". All of them are characterized by high class service and living conditions.
Poltava region
The emblem of the Russian period
The emblem of Poltavs'ka province was confirmed on the 5th of July 1878 and it was a picture of an or shield with a sable triangular monument decorated with or circle snake. Behind the monument there are two vert banners with or crowned monogram of the name of the Emperor Peter the Great, the staff are high-carat or with the points of the spears. All this is accompanied by two crossed laid high-carat or swords at the top of the shield. The shield is crowned with the emperial crown and surrounded with oak-leaves connected by the St.Andrew's ribbon.
The modern emblem
It was confirmed at January, 30, 1998. A shield divided into quarters by raspberry lozenge, crossed by argent and azure wavy belt. In first azure part is or patty cross. In second or part is gules horseshoe. In third or part is gules heart. In fourth azure part is or wheat sheaf. In first part of lozenge is or bow, accompanied by two or stars, in second is or gates with three towers, accompanied by two or stars.
- Bow with arrow and stars are the elements which went into Poltava and Pyriatyn coats of arms, indicate on historic role the edges in defence of own earths, and also Poltava as administrative centre.
- Urban gates with three towers and flagpoles - element eldest of coats of arms, basic Lokhvytsia coat of arms element. It indicates on durability, power, edge inviolability, cossack traditions.
- A water wave - element of Komsomol's'k and Kremenchuk emblems, symbolizes riches of water spaces.
- A Cossack cross is symbol on historic colours of Poltava regiments and Myrhorod and Zin'kiv emblems.
- A horseshoe is blown about element of patrimonial Ukraine coats of arms - happiness symbol, good, love, consent.
- A heart is hetman coat of arms element of P.Polubotok, V.Kochubey, symbolizes Poltavschyna as Ukraine heart, her grandeur, spirituality, - earth, begining by mother country to prominent figures of world significance.
- Sheaf is personifies natural resource, earths fertility, industry of its inhabitants, national traditions.
- A Crown is power, firmness, grandeur and glory.
Adopted colours:- Raspberry - most blown about colour of cossack colours - power, bravery.
- Azure means wrestling after freedom, hope.
- Or means sun, lightly, welfare, kindness, work, dignity.
The modern emblem (large)
A little coat of arms crowned by crown with five towers and enframed by guelder roze branches, entwisted by blue-yellow ribbon. Over crown is superscription "Poltavschyna".
The flag
The Poltavs'ka oblast' flag was approved by February 10, 2000 by the solution XI of session of regional advice XXIII of convocation and represents the yellow cossac's cross on a blue rectangular. A ratio of the parts is 2:3.
The cossac’s cross is the basic element of the arms of the Poltavs'ka oblast' was introduced in composition of a flag, which one is included on historical motives. In middle of XVIII century a some cossac's regiments were joint around of the Poltava shelf, that had dark blue flag with cossack’s cross.
Battle of Poltava
The Battle of Poltava, painted 1726
On June 27, 1709 one of the famous events in the World History took place at Poltava. Russian troops headed by Peter I won a brilliant victory over the Swedish army headed by Karl the XII-th.
The victory at Poltava predetermined the outcome of the North war (1700-1721) waged by Russia against Sweden for the outlet into the Baltic sea and returning the Russian lands in Pre-Baltic region captured by Sweden. In the course of the North war the Swedish king Karl XII commenced the campaign against Moscow. Having met the stubborn resistance at Smolensk he turned his troops to the Ukraine. The Ukrainian people rose to fight against invaders. When the enemy approached the population of towns and villages annihilated food-stuffs, burned the dwellings down and left for the forests under the protection of the Russian troops. Detachments of the regular army and partisans wore the enemy forces down in skirmishes. Karl XII attempted to capture the fortress of Poltava trying to replenish here their exhausted food supplies and, mainly, to use convenient geographical position of the fortress for the communication with their allies - the Turkish sultan and the Crimean khan.
Battle of Poltava: a fragment of the great mosaic by Mikhail Lomonosov.
The Russian command, taking into account the important strategic position of Poltava, sent there in due time six infantry battalions commanded by colonel A.S. Kelin. The fortress was fortified with additional ramparts, wooden paling, bastions...
Due to courage and staunchness of the Russian soldiers and inhabitants of the town this "wretched", as Karl XII called it, fortress withstood almost three months long siege of the famous Swedish army. At Poltava’s walls the invaders lost nearly six thousand soldiers and officers and this considerably weekend their forces.
During Poltava`s siege the Russian troops were concentrating for the decisive battle. Peter’s I army crossed the Vorskla river to the right bank where the fortified camp had been built. The system of earthen fortifications was built at Poltava: redoubts which played an important role in repulsing enemy’s attacks during the first stage of the battle. For the first time in the history of military art separate closed earthen fortifications were used. Such fortifications appeared in armies of Western Europe only 80 years later.
At dawn on June 27 Swedish infantry and cavalry began their offensive. The enemy was hit by aimed rifle and artillery fire. Chased by Russians the regiments of enemy’s cavalry were defeated utterly.
Peter I ordered to withdraw the cavalry from the redoubts to the fortified camp where the main part of the Russian army-infantry and artillery were concentrated.
The Swedes mistook this withdrawal for the retreat and followed the Russian cavalry. But unexpectedly they found themselves under devastating fire of Russian artillery. Having suffered great losses the disorganized regiments retread.
A three hours interval in the battle ensued at 6 o’clock in the morning on June 27. The second crucial stage of the decisive battle began, it lasted about two hours. Karl XII attempted to strike a decisive blow into the centre but he failed to do it. No later than in half an hour the Swedes wavered. Russian infantry and cavalry began to press the enemy’s regiments. Soon their retreat turned out to be a panic flight.
At Poltava the Swedes lost 9.234 soldiers killed, 2.874 soldiers and officers were taken prisoners. Russian losses were 1.345 killed, 3.290 wounded. The rest of the Swedish army 16.264 men were taken prisoners at Perevolochna.
The Battle of Poltava is an unfading example of the feat of arms, courage and valour of the people for their independence. The victory at Poltava saved the Ukranian and Byelorussian peoples from enslavement, strengthened their friendship with the Russian people.The immortal deed of the heroes in the battle of Poltava is eternalized in numerous monuments. In Poltava it is a majestic Monument of Glory set up in honour of the 100-th anniversary of the Battle of Poltava, the Monument on the spot where Peter I had a rest after the Battle which was set up to the 140-th anniversary of that famous battle. The Monument to valorous defenders of Poltava and the courageous commandant of the fortress colonel A.S. Kelin was erected in 1909.
Memorable Badges marked the region where the Russian troops crossed the Vorskla River, the first and the second fortified camps of Russian troops. There is a Common grave of Russian soldiers who fell in action in the Battle of Poltava. The Monument of the Swedes who fell in action from the Russians was set up in a honour of the 200-th anniversary of the battle. In 1909 the Monument to the Swedes from their compatriots was set up.
The sculpture of Peter I is placed in front of the Museum, it was made by academician A. Adamson in 1915.
Numerous historic relics are kept in the Museum of History of the Battle of Poltava.
The State Museum-Reserve "The Field of the Battle of Poltava" was created in 1981. It comprises the historic places and monuments connected with the events of the native history.
Рефераты по иностранным языкамPoltava is a small, but marvelous and ecologically clean Ukrainian town. Poltava is a regional center that is situated on the left bank of the river
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